Speech Act Theory Definition and Examples

Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how words are used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. The speech act theory was introduced by Oxford philosopher J.L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words and further developed by American philosopher J.R. Searle. It  considers the degree to which utterances  are said to perform locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and/or perlocutionary acts. Many philosophers and linguists study speech act theory as a way to better understand human communication. Part of the joy of doing speech act theory, from my strictly first-person point of view, is becoming more and more remindful of how many surprisingly different things we do when we talk to each other, (Kemmerling 2002). Searles Five Illocutionary Points Philosopher J.R. Searle is responsible for devising a system of speech act categorization. In the past three decades, speech act theory has become an important branch of the contemporary theory of language thanks mainly to the influence of [J.R.] Searle (1969, 1979) and [H.P.] Grice (1975) whose ideas on meaning and communication have stimulated research in philosophy and in human and cognitive sciences... From Searles view, there are only five illocutionary points that speakers can achieve on propositions in an utterance, namely: the assertive, commissive, directive, declaratory and expressive illocutionary points. Speakers achieve the assertive point when they represent how things are in the world, the commissive point when they commit themselves to doing something, the directive point when they make an attempt to get hearers to do something, the declaratory point when they do things in the world at the moment of the utterance solely by virtue of saying that they do and the expressive point when they express their attitudes about objects and facts of the world (Vanderkeven and Kubo 2002). Speech Act Theory and Literary Criticism Since 1970 speech act theory has influenced...the practice of literary criticism. When applied to the analysis of direct discourse by a character within a literary work, it provides a systematic...framework for identifying the unspoken presuppositions, implications, and effects of speech acts [that] competent readers and critics have always taken into account, subtly though unsystematically. Speech act theory has also been used in a more radical way, however, as a model on which to recast the theory of literature...and especially...prose narratives. What the author of a fictional work—or else what the authors invented narrator—narrates is held to constitute a pretended set of assertions, which are intended by the author, and understood by the competent reader, to be free from a speakers ordinary commitment to the truth of what he or she asserts. Within the frame of the fictional world that the narrative thus sets up, however, the utterances of the fictional characters—whether these are assertions or promises or marital vows—are held to be responsible to ordinary illocutionary commitments, (Abrams and Galt Harpham 2005). Criticisms of Speech Act Theory Although Searles theory of speech acts has had a tremendous influence on functional aspects of pragmatics, it has also received very strong criticism. The Function of Sentences Some argue that Austin and Searle based their work principally on their intuitions, focusing exclusively on sentences isolated from the context where they might be used. In this sense, one of the main contradictions to Searles suggested typology is the fact that the illocutionary force of a concrete speech act cannot take the form of a sentence as Searle considered it. Rather, researchers suggest that a sentence is a grammatical unit within the formal system of language, whereas the speech act involves a communicative function separate from this, (Martà ­nez Flor and Usà ³-Juan 2010). Interactional Aspects of Conversation In speech act theory, the hearer is seen as playing a passive role. The illocutionary force of a particular utterance is determined with regard to the linguistic form of the utterance and also introspection as to whether the necessary felicity conditions—not least in relation to the speakers beliefs and feelings—are fulfilled. Interactional aspects are, thus, neglected. However, [a] conversation is not just a mere chain of independent illocutionary forces—rather, speech acts are related to other speech acts with a wider discourse context. Speech act theory, in that it does not consider the function played by utterances in driving conversation is, therefore, insufficient in accounting for what actually happens in conversation, (Barron 2003). Sources Abrams, Meyer Howard, and Geoffrey Galt Harpham.  A Glossary of Literary Terms. 8th ed., Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2005.Austin, J.l. â€Å"How To Do Things With Words.† 1975.Barron, Anne.  Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics Learning How to Do Things with Words in a Study Abroad Context. J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2003.Flor Alicia Martà ­nez, and Juan Esther Usà ³.  Speech Act Performance: Theoretical, Empirical and Methodological Issues. Vol. 26, John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2010.Kemmerling, Andreas. â€Å"Speech Acts, Minds, and Social Reality: Discussions with John r. Searle. Expressing an Intentional State.†Ã‚  Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, vol. 79, 2002, pp. 83.  Kluwer Academic Publishers.Vanderveken, Daniel, and Susumu Kubo. â€Å"Introduction.†Ã‚  Essays in Speech Act Theory, John Benjamins, 2001, pp. 1–21.

Slavery And Jim Crow Laws Essay - 1130 Words

Throughout the early 1960s, African American people living in the United States were greatly oppressed. Slavery and Jim Crow laws, which justified segregation, were abolished; however, African Americans did not receive equal treatment, as the ideology of white supremacy, or Caucasians being the superior race, remained in tact. Since juries typically consisted of Caucasian males who favored other Caucasians, African Americans rarely received fair trials. Other factors, such as housing opportunities, were unequal for African Americans as well, and as a result, poorer districts consisting solely of African Americans formed. Since African Americans were strictly segregated from Caucasians and therefore did not receive similar opportunities, the ideology that African Americans were inferior to Caucasians became hegemonic, meaning that the belief that African Americans had fewer rights than Caucasians was simply accepted in society without question. Though laws and regulations guaranteed e quality among all races, African Americans remained oppressed; therefore, groups like the Black Panther Party began to fight this hegemonic ideology. Their violent and nonviolent protests were considered counter-hegemonic, as they hoped to diminish the unfair and inaccurate ideologies that had existed and essentially become common sense within society. In the â€Å"Black Panther Platform,† the Black Panther Party details their reasons for participating in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, aShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Jim Crow Laws1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfor over 400 years and since arriving the black race has struggled to obtain equality. Realistically, if you are born black in the United States of America, you are in a sense cursed with the burdens of   systematic oppression and racism.   Slavery and Jim Crow Laws were created by white supremacist to maintain power and authority as they sought out to rule over any and all minority groups they consider inferior t o the white race. Fortunately, leaders of the black race have made tremendous strides inRead MoreThe Strange Career of Jim Crow by C. Vann Woodward1063 Words   |  5 PagesWoodward wrote The Strange Career of Jim Crow for a purpose. His purpose was to enlighten people about the history of the Jim Crow laws in the South. Martin Luther King Jr. called Woodward’s book, â€Å"the historical Bible of the civil rights movement.† (221) Martin Luther King Jr.’s quote revealed the true importance of Woodward’s book. Woodard’s book significance was based on it revealing the strange, forgotten facets of the Jim Crow laws. Assumptions about the Jim Crow’s career have existed since itsRead MoreAs Far as the Crow Flies731 Words   |  3 PagesMississippi will long be known for is slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and the murder of Emmett Till. Slavery began in Mississippi before it became a state and the majority of its existence relied on the free labor of Afr ican-Americans. Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation between African-Americans and Whites in Mississippi following the end of slavery. Emmett Till was an unfortunate casualty of unknowingly going against the laws of segregation in the South. Slavery in Mississippi went through more stagesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is known as a net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designedRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesto write a reflection on discussed The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness which is a book written by Michelle Alexander a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and Associate Professor of Law at Ohio State University. Michelle Alexander states that although we made tremendous p rogress with Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s by unifying as a race and fought to seemingly ended the old Jim Crow era by the passing of laws such as the 1965 voting act and Brown V.S BoardRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreAncient History and Slavery836 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is a condition defined as one human being owning another human. Ancient history shows the Greeks, Romans and Mayans accepted slavery. Later continental Europeans became involved in slavery, importing slaves from Africa to the New World. During this time over eleven million African slaves were taken from their homeland as part of the transatlantic slave trade. Eventually the American Civil War led to slaves freedom due to the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, which was signed byRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pageschanged, and shaped into unrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]eRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow862 Words   |  4 PagesJim crow laws In the 18th century the civil war had brought in end to slavery ,when the union beat the confederacy.Many people believe that slavery ended right there, and that anything else that happened to African Americans after that was due to racism of the people of that time.When in reality that change had caused ripples, that would shape history and the way people think all the way till today.Using historical ideas ,journals ,and such C.Vann Woodward in The Strange Career Of JIM CROW

“Of Mice and Men” and “Into the Wild Essay” Free Essays

of Mice and Men’ and Sean Peen’s ‘Into the Wild’ explore the fundamental themes of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. (QUESTION). ‘Of Mice and Men’ is set during the Great Depression in which George and Leonie explore the realism of freedom and hardships by hoping to one day have their own farm. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"Into the Wild Essay† or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, Chris from ‘Into the Wild’ achieves ultimate freedom by choosing to run away and live In the wild. Both texts explore different perceptions of freedom. Steinbeck novel demonstrates how everyone’s perception of freedom is suppressed. George and Lien’s idea of freedom is to have their own land and yield themselves from the peril of the world. However, they are denied this freedom because of their lack of money. The technique of multiple perceptions Is adopted by the omniscient narrator to access various view points of the characters that represent different types of freedom suppression. This is depicted in the sentimental quotes by Curlers wife who says â€Å"l tell yea I could of went with shows’. Ã'› She was breathless with indignation† or Crooks who states â€Å"Cause I’m black. They play cards In there, but I can’t play because I’m Black. Similar to George and Leonie, Chris desires freedom however, he does this by moving away from a lavish lifestyle to one of struggle which he calls â€Å"ultimate freedom†. This change is contrary to that of George and Leonie who are looking to free themselves from the chains of poverty. Through the poetic phrase â€Å"The f reedom and simple beauty Is too good to pass up† Chris expresses his new found freedom in the laws of nature. Therefore both texts explore a heightened sense of suppression for the protagonists when it comes to the idea of freedom. The necessity of companionship is integral in both texts. Companionship can have both positive and negative ramifications. In Steinbeck novel Leonie Is shown to exhibit child-like behavior which makes him completely dependent on George. As a result of his disability, Leonie spends all of his time with George and the pair often find themselves running from authority. Despite the difficult situations that Leonie Imposes on George, George describes his gratitude towards Lien’s companionship through a sentimental tone when he states â€Å"†¦ With us it anti like that†¦ We got somebody to talk to†¦ † This highlights that through a time of great difficulty where people avoided each other as expressed through the quote, Maybe everybody in the whole damn world is scared of each other† George values Lien’s companionship. In contrast. Peen’s film explores Chris’ distaste for human companionship in order to achieve his ultimate freedom. He expresses this through his aversive tone, â€Å"You don’t need human relationships to be happy†¦ † Chris demonstrates that companionship isn’t necessary to have happiness and that it can be found In nature. HIS viewpoint of companionship Is a result of his parent’s physical disputes. However he later realizes that he was happiest when in the company of other travelers. He expresses this through the technique of regretful tone as he says â€Å"Happiness only real when shared†. Therefore both texts signify the Importance of companionship. Both texts promote the Idea of following your ambitions to ultimately lead you to happiness. George and Leonie strive to have their own farm but their dreams remain unfulfilled. In the end George has to kill Leonie 1 OFF Burns’, â€Å"To a Mouse†, which contains the couplet, â€Å"The best laid plans of mice and men / Often go awry’. Hence, it is a novel that Juxtaposes the nature â€Å"of mice† – and the social world – â€Å"men† and provides an insight into the fading nature of ambitions. The manifestation of handicapped characters such as Crooks having a crooked spine, or Leonie being mentally slow, metaphorically schemes the theme of men going ‘awry by trying to achieve a disillusioned dream. Peen’s film contradicts Steinbeck novel and shows that Chris indeed found happiness by following his ambitions. His ambitions involved trying to understand the human condition which can be seen through his zealous poetry when Chris states † Two years he walks the earth†¦ The climactic battle to kill the false being within†¦ No longer to be poisoned by civilization†¦. Chris wanted to understand the raw power of human experiences which he says is â€Å"†¦ The core of man’s spirit†¦ And his dedication to fulfill this ambition led him to find what he was looking for and ultimately find happiness. Therefore in conclusion, the protagonists in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"Into the Wild† uniquely express the fundamental ideas of freedom, companionship and following your ambitions. Their desire for freedom is shared but their perception of obtaining it is different. Steinbeck shows that the ambitions of men will remain unfulfille d while Peen’s film depicts that the ultimate freedom is to share happiness. (Question) How to cite â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"Into the Wild Essay†, Essays

Referred To As Marketing That Is Required â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Referred To As Marketing That Is Required? Answer: Introducation Social media is the biggest tool of marketing these days, it has been analysed that sing these tool has provided many benefits to the companies as well as to the customers. Social media marketing or social marketing referred to as the marketing that is required to be done in order to make social relation with the customers with the use social networking sites. When any of the customers or the person makes his accounting on Facebook, he makes it to have interaction with the friends and to make new friends. The people want to be social and want to connect with each other. But, the companies have used this process to market their products as well as to make relations with the customers by contacting them with these social media sites. It has been analysed that Facebook, twitter and instagram are some of the most useful sites that have changed the nature of marketing and made it social marketing thee days. Social mobile and local marketing With the development in the mobile technology, it has been analysed that development in the marketing by the companies can also be seen. The companies these days are using these mobile devices and mobile applications to market their products as well as to save the market. The companies make their own mobile applications and allow the customers have access to these applications; these applications are then used to buy the products that are available online. Most of the companies also use these mobile applications for the marketing their products only. They display their products and services on their applications but they can avail by contacting the company. This suggests that there are changes that can be observed with the mobile technology impact on the marketing process. Mobile marketing can be defined as the marketing process that results in interactive marketing between the customers and the company is using the mobile devices. Local marketing is the concept that is related to the nature of the local market of the place where the company is operating. Most of the companies that operate in multiple countries have to adopt the strategies of localization so that they can relate with the local customers and market their products in the local market. Online marketing also gets affected by these localization strategies. The company make their websites but they have to provide the option of choosing the language so that the customers who do not know about the parent county language can also access the website by changing the language into their own local language. There are various elements that are required to be put in the websites of the companies to attain local people attractions. References: Truong, V.D., 2014. Social marketing: A systematic review of research 19982012.Social Marketing Quarterly,20(1), pp.15-34. Strm, R., Vendel, M. and Bredican, J., 2014. Mobile marketing: A literature review on its value for consumers and retailers.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(6), pp.1001-1012. Forman, C., Ghose, A. and Goldfarb, A., 2009. Competition between local and electronic markets: How the benefit of buying online depends on where you live. Management Science,55(1), pp.47-57.

Adaptation the Movie Is Based Around the Character Charlie Kaufman Essays

Adaptation the Movie Is Based Around the Character Charlie Kaufman Essays Adaptation the Movie Is Based Around the Character Charlie Kaufman Essay Adaptation the Movie Is Based Around the Character Charlie Kaufman Essay Jessica Layton HUMS 250 Fall 2011 November 8, 2011 Throughout this paper I will be analyzing a scene from the movie Adaptation. The movie is based around the character Charlie Kaufman and his struggle to write a screen play for the book â€Å"The Orchid Thief,† written by the character Susan Orlean. This movie shows us Charlie writing the screenplay, while it also shows Susan writing the book, through the use of flashbacks. We learn through interviews in the movie, that a man named John Laroche, the man who owned the orchid nursery, inspired the book. In this scene, John and Susan are speaking on the phone about what happened to John’s nursery. We learn that a car accident has killed his mother and uncle and put his wife in a coma. When she awoke, she divorced him and as â€Å"karma† for what happened, a hurricane came and destroyed everything and wiped out all of his orchids. This scene has many different elements that bring the whole scene together so that you really feel and understand the emotions and significance of the story. This clip is full of many different emotions and uses different lighting to portray those feelings. During the flashback, we see the use of natural light. The car acts as a reflector board, softening the lighting on the characters as they back out of the driveway. As John and Susan speak to one another, we notice that the lighting in their rooms is very soft and low-key. This kind of lighting for this shot portrays the seriousness and tragic emotions of this scene. Susan’s lighting is located behind her and very soft. The soft lighting is used to focus the attention on the character making everything around her out of focus. Having the lighting in the back of Susan creates depth in the shot, separating her from her surroundings and accentuating her. When the shot moves to John, we see the location of the light is from above. While he is answering Susan’s question, the angle of the camera and the lighting create the feeling of vulnerability and sadness. This type of lighting is also being used in the hospital room shot, where the overhead light is focused on his wife showing her desperation. This whole clip is shot in a tight, closed frame. The characters don’t have the room to move around. The proximities of these shots vary from character to character. Every shot that Susan is in is shot as medium-close up. This helps the audience see her expressions as they go from intrigued to find out the story behind his orchid nursery to showing the sympathy and grief she feels for John’s story. In contrast to her shot and expressions, the way John is shot reflects the expressions of Susan. When we first see John in this clip, we see him in a medium long shot. After the first flashback shot, we see him as a close up shot, helping to show his expressions and vulnerability. Editing in this clip is very important. The use of flashback helps the audience understand what has happened to the nursery and why he no longer has one. When the clip begins we hear Susan ask the question â€Å" what ever happened to the nursery? † John’s response leads up to the flashback to the day that his uncle and mother died in the car crash and the hurricane coming through. Their conversation is edited by using what is called intercutting. This type of editing shows the action of the two characters talking as one single scene rather than two different scenes. This way of editing shows the reactions of each character as if they are in the same setting. The characters used in this film are professional actors and well known. In this specific scene, Meryl Streep and Chris Cooper play Susan Orlean and John Laroche. The portrayals by these two actors are very realistic. The story behind the scene and the reaction of the characters is very realistic. Their emotions can be felt through their facial expressions. For example, when Susan first asks John what happened, we see that it brings bad memories for him. He becomes very uneasy and we see his facial expression become very upset. After he tells her the story, we see that her facial expressions have gone from intrigued to sympathetic and upset. We also see how their costumes and settings further help to define their characters and their personalities. We see Meryl Streep in a nice nightgown and nice room with a big comfortable bed. When the scene switches to Chris Coopers character we see him wearing a flannel shirt unbuttoned with jeans lying on an old couch. Each character portrays a different level of the social class stereotypes of upper and lower middle class. Meryl Streep’s character is very sleek and put together even when she is lying in bed, while Chris Cooper’s character is very rough looking. In this short scene, we see how many different elements that are put into making a movie. Just by changing the lighting, dressing the characters in certain clothing and how a shot is framed, can impact how emotions can be portrayed to create the overall feel of a scene. After seeing the whole movie it helps to better understand the characters and the emotions behind what is being portrayed on the screen in this scene.

College Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In

College Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting waitlisted at a college certainly isn’t a bad thing- your application was good enough to not get rejected!- but it’s definitely an uncomfortable place to be.After all, when you’re on the college waitlist, you don’t know whether you’ll be admitted or not, and that alone is anxiety-inducing. Luckily, there are many things you can do to increase your odds of getting off a waitlist.In this article, we explain how the college waitlist works, what steps to take if you've been waitlisted, and how to raise your college waitlist chances so you can attend your dream school. What Is the College Waitlist and How Does It Work? What exactly does it mean if you’ve been waitlisted by a college or several colleges? The college waitlist is a list of applicants whom a school might or might not offer admission to.These applicants are essentially put on hold by a college and would have been admitted had space allowed.The total number of applicants offered a place on the college waitlist varies each year and at different schools. If you are offered a spot on the college waitlist, you may either accept the invitation and allow your name to be added to itor decline it right away if you'd rather not wait for an admission decision or have already decided to attend a different college. Applicants are typically only admitted off a waitlist starting after May 1,or the date by when admitted students must submit their decisions to attend the college of their choice along with the non-refundable deposit. Colleges usually begin to admit students off the waitlist if and only if they need to fill more spots in their freshman class. Essentially, once the May 1 deadline has passed, if not enough applicants have decided to attend, the school will start to admit applicants off the waitlist with the hope they’ll accept the offer. Waitlist acceptances often roll out gradually throughout May, June, July, and sometimes even Augustright before the school year starts. Of course, not everyone on the waitlist will be admitted.In fact, some colleges might admit just a few students or even none at all one year! Finally, some college waitlists rank the applicants on it. So ifyou’re ranked highly, you’re more likely to be accepted off the waitlist.Nevertheless, most colleges don't rank waitlist applicants and instead make their admissions decisions based on other factors such as what majors they want to have represented and which applicants will be most likely to attend if admitted. How lucky do you feel? What Are Your Chances of Getting Off the College Waitlist? If you’ve been waitlisted at your dream school, you’re probably wondering what exactly your odds are of getting off the waitlist and moving on to a full-blown acceptance. Your chances of getting off the college waitlist primarily depend on five factors: How many spots the school needs to fill for its freshman class. The fewer the spots there are, the less likely it is you’ll be admitted off the waitlist. In contrast, the more spots available, the more likely it is you’ll be offered a placement. What majors, locations, etc., the school wants to have represented in its freshman class. If a school didn't admit enough engineering majors, for example, it will most likely admit engineering majors off its waitlist first. How likely you are to attend the school if admitted. This factor mainly depends on how interested you are in the college and whether you've actively demonstrated your continued interest in attending (we’ll explain how you can do this in the next section). Carnegie Mellon maintains a Priority Waiting List, for example, for applicants whose first choice is CMU. How strong your overall application is, especially compared with other waitlist applicants. While this is impossible to know, if you have strong qualities such as an SAT score well above the school’s 75th percentile, then it’s likely you're a top candidate for admission. How highly ranked you are on the waitlist (if the school ranks applicants). Ultimately, how likely it is you’ll be admitted off a waitlist really depends on the particular school you’ve been waitlisted at.Very popular and selective schools get applications from thousands of qualified students each year- many of whom end up on the waitlist- making it super difficult to determine how good your odds are of being admitted. Moreover, the year you apply can have a big effect on how many applicants a college decides to admit off its waitlist.This happens because both the quality and number of applicants usually changes slightly each year, along with the specific needs of the school (for example, a school might want to admit more majors one year than it did the previous year). Let's take a look at some real-life examples. At Dartmouth, a highly selective school that's also part of the Ivy League, "the number of candidates offered admission from the wait list varies, from zero in some years to dozens in others." Similarly, here'swhat NYU says about its waitlist candidates: "The number of students- in previous years- who have been admitted from the wait list has varied widely. We were able to admit no students whatsoever from the wait list one recent year while we were able to admit hundreds of students another recent year." And here'swhat the UC system says on the topic: "The number of students who are ultimately admitted varies from year to year, campus to campus. There is no way to tell how many students, if any, will ultimately be offered admission for any particular year." As you can see, in general, there's no easy way to determine your odds of getting admitted off a college waitlist.College waitlist acceptances can vary dramatically from year to year, mainly as a result of the changing number of qualified applicants and the school's needs. Got Waitlisted? 4 Steps Everyone Must Take If you’ve been waitlisted at a college, you’ll need to take certain steps to ensure you're ultimately able to attend college without issue.Regardless of whether you choose to stay on the waitlist or not, here’s exactly what you'll need to do if you’re offered a waitlist spot. Step 1: Make a Decision About the Waitlist Do you want to stay on the college waitlist in the hopes you’ll get admitted, or would you rather decline the invitation and just go with a different college? After you’ve gotten a waitlist invitation, take time to consider whether you truly want to be on the waitlist for this school.Ask yourself the following questions: Is this your dream school? Are you comfortable with not hearing back from the school right away and feeling stuck in a sort of limbo state throughout the summer? Are you OK with potentially losing money on a non-refundable deposit to a different school if you do end up getting admitted off the waitlist? Once you’ve made your decision about whether to stay on the college waitlist, it’s time to move on to Step 2. Step 2: Officially Accept or Decline Your Waitlist Invitation If you’ve been offered a spot on the waitlist, know that you won’t be automatically added to it- you need to officially accept the invitation to confirm your spot.This usually needs to be done by a certain deadline, typically in mid-April or by May 1.Check with the school or look at your waitlist notification letter to figure out when the deadline is. If you fail to confirm your placement by this deadline, you will not be placed on the waitlist and will have indirectly declined your spot on it.If you've decided to not have your name put on the college waitlist and would rather decline your spot, be sure to notify the college of your decision by the deadline, ideally as soon as possible. Step 3: Pick a College to Attend and Submit Your Deposit Regardless of whether you’ve decided to stay on the waitlist or not, you’ll need to pick a college you’ve been admitted to that you want to attend, even if it’s not your top choice and you’re still hoping to get off the waitlist at the other school. Go through all the schools where you’ve been accepted (not waitlisted) and, for each, consider important factors, such as what kinds of majors it offers, what kinds of professors work there, what extracurriculars are available, what its campus is like, where it’s located, etc. You can do research on the schools you're considering attending by looking at their official websites, visiting their campuses, and talking to current or former students. If you’re struggling to make a decision on where you should go to college, check out our guide for tips on how to choose the best college for you. Once you’ve decided where you want to go to college- even if you’re holding out hope that you’ll get admitted off the waitlist at your top choice- it’s time to accept your offer of admission and submit your non-refundable deposit.Both your acceptance of admission and deposit must be submitted no later than the May 1 deadline. Step 4: Wait for Your Waitlist Decision After you’ve decided on a college to attend, all that’s left for you to do is wait to get your waitlist decision notification. When you hear back from a college regarding its waitlist decisions can vary considerably, from as early as May to as late as August, and there is no way of telling when you'll receive your decision (and whether it’ll be a positive or negative result!). If you do get admitted off the college waitlist, congratulations! You now have to make the decision between accepting this offer of admission and withdrawing your previous acceptance, or rejecting this offer and continuing with the other college you've agreed to attend. If you decide to accept the offer of admission, note that you will not be able to get a refund on the deposit you submitted to the other school. If you don’t get admitted off the college waitlist, not much will change.You’ll still have the other college you agreed to attend waiting for you! Want to raise your college waitlist chances? Better start looking in your backyard. How to Raise Your College Waitlist Chances: 6 Key Tips Getting waitlisted doesn’t mean sitting around and waiting (as the word implies).Rather, there are several actions you can take at this time to increase your odds of getting off the college waitlist. Here are our top six tips to help you raise your chances of securing an acceptance from the waitlist at your top-choice school. #1: Write a Letter of Interest One of the best things you can do during this time is to write a letter to the school you've been waitlisted at emphasizing your continued interest and how the school is your top choice. Remember that colleges want to admit applicants who are very likely to attend (this gives them a better "yield," as it’s called). And by confirming that you'll 100% attend the school if admitted, you are effectively increasing your odds of getting off the waitlist. (Note that this type of letter is non-binding, so you're still allowed to change your mind later on!) Your letter of interest can be an email to your admissions officer or regional dean, or even a note on your college's waitlist response form (many schools use this form or a similar form to confirm whether an applicant wants to remain on the waitlist or not). Below iswhat the Tufts undergraduate admissions blog writes about how waitlisted applicants can (and should) express their interest in the school (bold emphasis mine): "Make sure you confirm (via email or the wait list response form) your continued interest in Tufts. Maybe check in one more time with your area’s admissions counselor ...closer to May 1st, just to reiterate that if a spot is available you would take it(if that’s true, of course)." Meanwhile, Wake Forest University's admissions websitedirectly implores waitlisted applicants to send a letter of interest and an update to their regional dean (bold emphasis mine): "Email your regional admissions dean. ... This is your chance to convey your interest in attending Wake Forestwhile also describing how the final months of your senior year are progressing. In particular, we are interested in knowing more about recent academic success in the classroom." Nevertheless,some colleges specifically ask waitlisted applicants not to send any additional information, including letters.This rule can apply even if the college you’ve been waitlisted at is your top choice. For example, here’s what Stony Brook University saysapplicants can do if they've been waitlisted (bold emphasis mine): "[If you've been waitlisted]there is nothing more you can add to your application or do to increase your chances of being admittedfor the fall at this time. We encourage you to choose another college for the fall, and we will contact you if your application status changes." Virginia Tech also does not accept or encourage additional materials from waitlisted applicants (bold emphasis mine): "The only thing you can do is to be certain you can access your Application Status Page and that you select to remain on the wait list. Unfortunately, there is nothing else you can do at this time." Note: When I use the word "letter" here, I mean a letter you write to the school.Don't send any additional letters of recommendation or letters written on your behalf by counselors or teachers. These types of materials are typically ignored by colleges and, if submitted, won’t raise your odds of getting off the waitlist. The only exception to this rule is if a college specifically says it's open to accepting extra rec letters.One example is Hampshire College, whose website explicitly states that applicants who've been waitlisted may submit "a new letter of recommendation" and a letter showing the applicant's interest in the school. #2: Send Important Updates (on Accomplishments) If you’ve had any notable accomplishments since getting waitlisted, you can actually enhance your application by sharing these successes with the school that's waitlisted you.In general, these should be highly relevant accomplishments and updates. Ifyou’re not applying for a science major, it might not be that beneficial to tell the school about your successful science project, for instance. You can typically update your school on what you've been up to via either the waitlist response form (which most schools will give you online) or a letter or email (see Tip 1 for more details on how to do this). Even if you haven't had any major achievements recently, try todraw attention toany positive changes in your life, such as awards you've received, good or better grades you've gotten (more on this in Tip 3), and so on.Even just a general update might be appropriate at some schools (the school will usually state whether this is appropriate or not on their website). For example, in regard to what waitlisted applicants can do to raise their odds of getting accepted, Pomona states, "Sending a brief email update in April about what you've been up to since our last contact is entirely appropriate and welcome." What's more, some schools, such as Johns Hopkins, allow you to send an updated resume if you wish to highlight any changes to or accomplishments in your extracurricular activities. As with the letter of interest detailed above, however, some colleges will not accept additional materials or information than what you originally submitted for your application.In these cases, you won’t be able to update the school on any new achievements you have, so don’t try to send an update since it won’t have any effect on your chances of getting admitted! #3: Keep Up Your Grades Even though you’ll only have a month or two of high school left by the time you’ve been waitlisted, it’s still important to get good grades in all your classes.Many colleges allow (and encourage!) waitlisted applicants to send updates relating to any (positive) changes in their grades or GPA. This could be a major improvement to a specific grade in a class you’re taking or new grades or transcripts that have only recently been released (and that are more recent than your mid-year report). For example, Vanderbilt recommends that waitlisted applicants "consider submitting any substantially relevant new information (e.g., new grades that might be available)." You can send an updated transcript or write a brief email or letter detailing your recent grades. #4: Stay in Contact Some schools give slight preference to waitlisted applicants who make an effort to stay in contact with the school, specifically the admissions committee/officer or regional dean.This generally just means keeping in touch via email. You might occasionally send an email to notify the school/dean of any recent updates about you (see Tip 2) or to elaborate on your continued interest in the school (see Tip 1). On its official website, Franklin Marshall Collegestates that "continuing to maintain and achieve outstanding grades, as well as having occasional email contact with your Regional Dean, will supplement your interest in the College" (bold emphasis mine). #5: Retake the SAT/ACT (If Possible) In some cases, a school might be willing to accept and review new SAT/ACT scores you have that are submitted after you’ve been waitlisted. I’d advise against retaking the SAT/ACT unless you’re 100% certain the school you’ve been waitlisted at will actually look at the scores and you’ll be able to earn a higher score on the test than what you earned when you originally submitted your application. If you decide to take the SAT or ACT again, and you know for sure that your school will look at your new scores, here are possible SAT/ACT test dates to consider: SAT May 4, 2019 June 1, 2019 ACT April 13, 2019 June 8, 2019 July 13, 2019 #6: Get an Interview (If Possible) Schools don't typically allow this, but if a college is willing to interview waitlisted applicants or let them come to campus to interview, it’s worth it to take them up on this offer.Make sure you prepare for the interview and are able to answer key questionssuch as why you want to go to this school and what you hope to do with your education in the future. Yes, it's cheesy- but thinking positive will help you get through this trying time! Recap: What to Do If You Are Waitlisted at a College The college waitlist is a list of applicants who might or might not be offered admission to a particular college.Schools usually start to admit applicants off the waitlist after May 1 and will continue to admit applicants until they’ve filled their entire freshman class. How likely it is you'll be admitted off the college waitlist depends mostly on the following factors: The number of remaining spots in the freshman class What types of students schools want to admit in terms of majors, locations, etc. How likely you are to attend the school if accepted How strong your application is overall How highly ranked you are on the waitlist (if the school ranks waitlisted applicants) If you’re waitlisted at a school, there are four steps you should take in this order: Make a decision about the waitlist Officially accept or decline your waitlist invitation Pick a college to attend and submit your non-refundable deposit Wait for your waitlist decision Finally, here are six tips you can use to try to raise your chances of getting admitted off the college waitlist: Write a letter of interest Send important updates (on accomplishments) Keep up your grades and GPA Stay in contact with the school, specifically the (head of the) admissions committee Retake the SAT/ACT (if the college will for sure look at any new scores you get) Get an interview (if offered by the college) What’s Next? Maybe you didn't get waitlisted- maybe you got rejected.Trust me, I know the feeling.Get tips on how to deal with the crushing pain of college rejection- and then learn how to move on to new and better things! A super high SAT or ACT score can help you avoid getting waitlisted in the first place.Take a look at our expert guides to learn what you must do to earn a perfect SAT/ACT score. Need help applying to college?Get advice withour step-by-step guide, and don't forget to use our college acceptance calculator toestimate your chances of getting into your dream school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Assess the dangers for European TNCS wishing to focus entirely on Essay

Assess the dangers for European TNCS wishing to focus entirely on emerging markets for future business success - Essay Example In one way of saying, corporations are right in having such a perception. For example, in case of gambling, those who get straight into the game without paying adequate attention to rules and regulations as well as without studying tactics of other key players are more likely to incur huge losses. This theory holds true for transnational corporations as well. Nonetheless, investors who adopt proper measures to identify macroeconomic factors inherent to the emerging markets attain the capability to reach out to millions of customers and widen target customer base. A number of European transnational companies, such as, Vodafone and HSBC, have increased their stronghold in emerging countries such as, India and China, by simultaneously gaining access to cheap labour as well as a larger customer base. On the other hand, companies, such as, Ericson had failed to establish its presence due to strategic dysfunctions. Majority of these dysfunctions are consequences of various internal and external factors associated with emerging countries, which can prove to be immensely dangerous for European organizations, considering an expansion into these countries in order to achieve business growth (Henisz and Zelner, 2010). The relevance of this study lies in the fact that it highlights the relative risks and challenges in face of European transnational companies while considering an expansion into emerging economies. The most commonly understood definition of an emerging country is a low income economy with rapid growth, which utilizes economic liberalization as the primary stimulator for achieving further growth. Macroeconomic stabilization, revelation of administration monopolies to domestic and foreign competition and trade liberalization has in a combined way led to evolution of a new community in these countries, known as the middle